Macular degeneration
In a standard eye examination at Clamp Optometrists we examine the retina using, typically, binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy to determine if you have even the earliest stages of macular degeneration or any other retinal condition. At Clamp’s we are also able to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to determine the health of the macula. A light echo technique, rather like an optical ultrasound, is used to obtain detailed cross-sectional images from within the retina. These high resolution images allow our optometrists to make a very accurate diagnosis of the condition of your retina.
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A healthy macula allows us to see vivid detail and colour. Macular degeneration is a loss of central vision that occurs mostly among older people, although it can happen to people in other age groups. Age-related macular degeneration statistically affects 10% of people between 66 - 74 years old, increasing to 30% in the age range of 75 - 85 years old. It is caused by deterioration and loss of function in the most sensitive part of the retina called the macula.
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The specific causes of macular degeneration fall into two main groups known as wet or dry. The dry variety manifests as the tissue of the macula thins and stops working as well as it should. This type of degeneration is considered to be part of the natural ageing process and currently there is no treatment is available. The wet variety is caused when fluids from newly formed blood vessels leak into the retinal tissues and cause loss of detailed vision. Early detection is vital with this type of the condition as it can be treated with drugs such as Lucentis and prompt treatment will limit damage. At Clamp’s our optical coherence tomography (OCT) instrument can specifically detect and diagnose this form of macular degeneration even in its earliest stages.
Macular degeneration develops differently in each person, so symptoms may vary.
The symptoms:
- Gradual loss of ability to see objects clearly.
- Visual distortion; objects appear to be the wrong size or shape, or straight lines appear wavy or crooked.
- Loss of contrast sensitivity.
- Loss of central vision: manifesting in a dark or empty middle area of vision.
- Slow recovery of visual function after exposure to bright light.
Risk factors:
• This condition is age-related.
• Those with a family history (close relative) with macular degeneration, although not all AMD is hereditary
• If you suffer from hypertension.
• If you have high cholesterol, or a poor diet lacking in fruit and vegetables.
• If you smoke.
• This condition is more common among Caucasian peoples.
- Exposure to high levels of UV
Early detection of macular degeneration is the most important factor in determining if you can be treated effectively. Regular eye examinations will help protect your vision. The "door frame test" as directed by your optometrist will also enable you to keep track of any changes in visual performance between appointments.
Although central vision loss, caused by damage to the macula, cannot be restored, its deterioration does not cause any damage or loss to the side, or peripheral, vision. Fortunately low vision aids are available such as special telescopic and microscopic lenses, magnifying glasses, and electronic magnifiers for close work. These devices can be prescribed by specialists in hospital departments (low vision aid clinics) to help make the most of remaining vision and can help maintain an individual's independence.
Table of tests available to detect macular degeneration, at Clamp Optometrists:
Standard NHS eye examinationVisual acuity is assessed and binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO) is performed. |
Additional clinical servicesFundus retinal photography is automatically included in private eye examinations. |
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Optical coherence tomography (OCT) |